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RUSSIAN-FOREIGN TECHNICAL POLICY
The common term "Russian-foreign technical policy" is necessary to understand as an association of scientific and technological institutions, scientific and industrial stocks, innovation and business centres, and also other organised accordingly enterprises. The main purpose of technical policy creation in Kaliningrad is a maintaining, effective employment and development, mostly on a commercial base, of scientific and technical regionТs potential on an innovation approach principles to creation and bringing of scientific and technical production to usersТ note. An organisation forming of "technical policy" must be under construction of close co-ordination with the benefits system of Special economic zone. It may have a great federal importance for Russia in future. THE ECONOMY DAY OF THE KALININGRAD
REGION IN FRANKFURT AM MAINE On June 17 in Frankfurt am Maine at the Remer town hall had been held the Economy Day of the Kaliningrad region. It had been hold on the bilateral agreement bounds of regional administration with Dresdner Bank on the occasion of allocating a credit to region. The most numerous and representative delegation (68 people) of Kaliningrad region ever departured abroad arrived that arrangement. The head of delegation was Governor of the Kaliningrad region Gorbenko L.P. They have displayed a high economic potential and regional invesment benefits. Some long-term contracts with the German firms had been concluded. A FUTURE FOR KALININGRAD Tacis project: Support to Kaliningrad Regional Administration, Special Economic Zone Attracting basic employment through investment and trade will revolve around Kaliningrad fulfilling three economic roles: conduit between mainland Russia and the Baltic States and the wider world. The Region can provide an efficient gateway between Russian suppliers or importers and their foreign customers or suppliers; a trading and manufacturing within which arrange of added-value activities will take place for international as well as Russian markets; a marketplace for the development of business relationships between Russian and foreign investors and business communities involving a high level of financial, and professional services. SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN RUSSIA, POLAND AND LITHUANIA The basis of functioning SEZ in Kaliningrad region are legal regulations of law about it. This law determines the next benefits for region: 1) duty free import of goods into region. Due that benefit the consumer market was satiated with goods and foreign trade turnover considerably increased. EmployersТ activity of small and middle business became higher. An enterprises of region saved on duties and taxes; 2) duty free export of region- made production. For this benefit realisation there is currently in force "An order of goods definition from SEZ in Kaliningrad region." In accordance with that document, the good is region-made if added value is not less 30%, but for electronic and sophisticated domestic equipment not less 15%; 3) there is stipulated an added value tax exemption of transportation from Kaliningrad to Russia in both directions, and exemption of obligatory sales of currency earnings for export operations. That two items of law are in solving stage now. They also permit businessmen to have an additional means for their development. In October 1997 by regional administration initiative the Regional DUMA passed a law "About local economic zones in Kaliningrad region". It stipulates an additional system of benefits for some parts of region(one or technological complex of enterprises) determined by regional and local levels. Law determines the legal base of creation such a zones in region. RUSSIA'S SEA GATES LIFE-BUOY The creation of a ferry terminal at the pool N 3 will permit to open shipping lines to Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Latvia and to get the stream of tourists and cargoes via the port of Baltiysk. ANALYSIS OF REGION PORT COMPLEX WORK
FOR 1997 Kaliningrad Cargo handling of Kaliningrad ports in 1997 accounted 5606,9 thousand tonnes, that is on 588,7 thousand tonnes (11,7%) less, than in 1996 (plate1). The total estimated capacity of Kaliningrad ports-13,95 million tonnes of cargo per year, but their cargo turnover in 1997 accounted only 40,2 %, in 1996-36% from designed capacity of ports. The decision of cargo owners for cargo handling via Kaliningrad ports or Baltic states ports depends on competitiveness of Russian railway rates in Kaliningrad direction, and also on loading and unloading rates. They are lower on some items in comparison with the Baltic states ports. There is a cargo turnover of each Kaliningrad port in this article. SHIP STABILITY IS THE BASIS OF SAFE
SEAFARING He is an author of over 60 works in the spheres of ship stability, subdivision, propulsion and rolling. He is a co-author of two books "Problems of Damaged Stability for Seamen" and "Calculations of Stability, Subdivision and Propulsion of Fishing Vessels". He is the author of the Automated System for Monitoring Stability and Trim of an Operating Ship" which has been approved by the Register of Shipping and is being successfully operated in "Zapryba" fishing company, as well as the author of a new "Stability and Trim Booklet for Intact and Damaged Vessel". Presently his new book "StabilityЕ What is This? Dialogues with a Master" is being prepared for publication. The book is designed primarily for further education of navigators, but it will be of great use for shore-based Safety of Seafaring services, marine engineers and students of corresponding professions. KALININGRAD TARIFFS Ч AN APPLE OF DISCORD
Having the production capacity 13,9 mln. t, Kaliningrad port handled in 1997 only 6,16 mln.t of cargoes. Thus, the portТs capacity is using only by 44,3%.In the 1st quarter of 1998 a situation was worse to come, the turnover declined by 40%.In 1996 to keep the port complex were constructed two new terminals for handlingthe fertilisers of more than 2 mln.t per year. There are no such a terminals in neighbour ports for the present. Three ferry lines were opened also for transportation the commercial vehicles with cargoes from West Europe and Ro-Ro sea line from USA. They permit cargoesТ motor transportation via the port of Kaliningrad and then to Russia without rail transport participation by more competitive road transport. But several cargo owners were obliged to refuse of our services due to high railway rates. From July 1997 the Ministry of Communications by direction of Russian Federation Government decreased the Price-list 10-01 tariffs for transportation of some mass cargoes (if distance is more 2500, 3000 km)to all directions except Kaliningrad. And only from November 1997 after reiterated addresses of regional administration, the Ministry of Communications extended that decreasing of tariffs to our direction also. FERRY LINE "SCANDINAVIA Ч KALININGRAD"
The project of ferry line "Scandinavia - Kaliningrad" was began to work out in 1992. Later we made investors to believe this project is profitable and company "Key Line" was founded. The main office of this firm is situated in Copenhagen and staff is mainly Danish. In 1996 a concrete negotiation with port was begin and on October 10 - the first voyage. Nowadays about 7 million dollars were invested into this project and we are waiting an additional investments for the development of company.Why the project is developing yet? At first, Scandinavians are leaders in the ferry lines and they have the biggest ferries. At second, Scandinavians consider the most logic way from West to Moscow is via Kaliningrad. Of course, at the beginning we have some problems Ч with the customs, the port and veterinary services. We had to meet with the representatives of this services and to discuss the perspectives of ferry lines development. IТd like to note that a great help we had received from the management of the Kaliningrad marine fish port and from the Administration of a region. At the end IТd like to say for us Kaliningrad is not just the port number one, but the port of hope, enthusiasm and ambitions. We believe this city is the future of transportation from Europe to Russia. AN IMPROVEMENT OF SHIPТS TECHNCAL CONDITION-DEMAND
OF NAVIGATION SAFETY When the ship is inspecting to be cleared for action to put to sea, besides the crewТs qualification, full strength of life-saving appliances, outfit, fighting vitality means etc..., the main attention is paying to the technical condition of a hull, machinery and equipment, as a base the shipТs execution direct functions, including safety navigation. When absence continually operating system of estimates and registration of technical condition, for crew and ship owner" are always unexpected "the corrosive wears of hullТs constructions and pipes; crankshafts, cylinder liners and pistons damages of diesels; declines of electrical and refrigerating equipment; unreadyness for work of emergency and life-saving appliances, machinery and systems for preventing the sea pollution. Therefore, unfounded reductions of resources and staffs of technical services (on ships and shore) can to destroy the fleetТs system of technical service. There are always losses from accidents at sea, and sometimes, the sacrifices. 40 out of 99 accidents in 1997 had been of technical character. Their main reasons were: an extra-regulatory wear of the shipТs hull and machinery; putting to sea under technical disrepairings; violation the operation regulations of the shipТs machinery and equipment; disregarding a currently in force norms and regulations of the shipТs machinery and equipment by ship owners. In 1997 had been registered 4 technical accidents, including 2 emergency ones, on the port of Kaliningrad registry ships. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION "FISHТ
98" About 130 firms and organisations from19 countries took part in the Exhibition FISHТ98 in St.Petersburg on April 27-30 1998.The next sections were represented there: freshwater and sea aquaculture; technologies and equipment of water control and purification, fish and sea products processing, fish products parcelling and packing; fishing fleet; shipТs radio-electronic instruments and catching implements of fishery; food, medical and technical production; refrigerating equipment; amateur and sport fishing. UNDERWATER APPARATUS "Mir" IN
THE OCEAN On June 24 the vessel Academician Mstislav Keldysh with two apparatus "Mir" on board putted from Kaliningrad to Norwegian Sea. The main purpose of expedition is carrying out the scientific researches on a mud volcano at the depth 1200 metres. Besides, the sunken submarine Komsomolets will be investigated with the help of underwater apparatus. It may be the Keldysh will visit the Titanic again after completing this part of expedition. THE HALF OF CENTURY ON WATCH OVER RUSSIAТS
FISH STOCKS The Baltic administration of fish stocks preservation is carrying out a purposeful policy on the guaranteeing them natural reproduction. The special allotted work is fish resources preservation in a Baltic Sea exceptional economic zone of Russia. An effective system of fish preservative legislation control was worked out. An annual series of meetings to colleagues from Poland, Lithuania and Sweden is holding for a co-ordination their actions at the frontier reservoirs. PETER THE GREAT LOOKS INTO THE DISTANCE
AGAIN On June 6 in Baltiysk was unveiling of a memorial to Russian Tsar Peter the Great, who for the first time have been to Pillau in 1697. The monument was raised on the peoplesТ donations. TENDENCIES AND PERSPECTIVES OF A TOURISM
IN THE KALININGRAD REGION There are 24 border crossings in the Kaliningrad region now. About 6 mln. people had crossed through them the border in 1996 and more 8 mln. people in 1997, while in 1997 about 17 mln. citizens arrived to all the Russian Federation territory. The 6 main tourist streams were formed in region nowadays: foreign touristsТ arrival, touristsТ from RF and CIS countries arrival, Kaliningrad touristsТ departure, foreignersТ transit, citizensТ of RF and CIS transit, shop-tourism.
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SUMMARY
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